Illustration of colonists traveling on small boat
Art by Manu Cunhas

Washington’s Secret Attack

Imagine rowing across an icy river in the middle of the night . . . with George Washington! 

By Allison Friedman | Art by Manu Cunhas
Lexiles: 500L-600L, Easier Level
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Think and Read: Author’s Craft

As you read, think about how the author uses details to bring the story to life.

It’s the dead of night. You’re in a rowboat crossing an icy river. Bitter winds howl in your ears. Freezing rain stings your skin like millions of tiny needles. All around you, men are crammed so tightly in the small boat that you can barely breathe. And just when it seems like things can’t get any worse . . .

WHAM!

A huge chunk of ice slams into the rowboat. Hold on! You almost topple overboard as the boat rocks wildly back and forth. Freezing-cold water sloshes over the sides, soaking you to the bone. What are you doing here?

It’s the night of December 25, 1776. You’re on a boat full of soldiers crossing the Delaware River with General George Washington. On the other side of the river, there are more than 1,000 enemy soldiers. And you’re heading straight toward them!


It’s the middle of the night. You’re in a rowboat crossing an icy river. Sharp winds blow loudly in your ears. Freezing rain stings your skin like millions of tiny needles. Men are packed around you tightly in the small boat. You can barely breathe. It seems like things can’t get any worse. 

WHAM!

The rowboat hits a huge chunk of ice. Hold on! You almost fall as the boat rocks back and forth. Freezing-cold water spills over the sides. You’re soaking wet. What are you doing here?

It’s December 25, 1776. You’re on a boat full of soldiers crossing the Delaware River. You’re with General George Washington. There are more than 1,000 enemy soldiers on the other side of the river. And you’re heading straight toward them!

Jim McMahon/Mapman ®

Dreams of Freedom 

Dreams of Freedom 

In the early 1700s, America was not yet a country. It was a group of 13 areas called colonies, ruled by England. But many people in the colonies wanted to form their own country­. In 1775, they began fighting a war to break free from England: the Revolutionary War. Their army was called the Continental Army. And their leader was a brave, smart general named George Washington.

By December 1776, the Continental Army had lost battle after battle. It seemed like their dream of freedom was about to die. 

But Washington believed in his troops. He came up with a daring plan. He and his soldiers were camped in Pennsylvania, on one side of the Delaware River. The enemy was on the other side, in New Jersey. If the Continental Army rowed across the river in the middle of the night, they could sneak up on the enemy’s camp! 

In the early 1700s, America was not a country yet. It was a group of 13 areas called colonies. England ruled these colonies. But many people in the colonies wanted to form their own country. They wanted to be free from England. That’s why they began fighting a war in 1775. It was called the Revolutionary War. Their army was called the Continental Army. And their leader was a brave, smart general. His name was George Washington. 

By December 1776, the Continental Army had lost battle after battle. It seemed like their dream of freedom was about to die. 

But Washington believed in his troops. He came up with a brave plan. He and his soldiers were camped on one side of the Delaware River, in Pennsylvania. The enemy was camped on the other side of the river, in New Jersey. If the Continental Army rowed across the river in the middle of the night, they could sneak up on the enemy’s camp! 

Manu Cunhas

A Frozen March

A Frozen March

As you shiver in the rowboat, you wonder if Washington’s plan will work. The only thing louder than your chattering teeth is your growling belly. 

At last, you make it to the other side of the river! You’re in New Jersey. But your journey isn’t over yet. To get to the enemy’s camp, you have to march more than 9 miles to Trenton—in the pitch dark through the snow. 

Brrrrrrr. Snow seeps into the holes in your ragged boots. Have your feet frozen into blocks of ice? You’re afraid to check.

Just then, Washington rides his horse up next to where you’re marching. Don’t give up, he says! His words give you hope—and a burst of energy to help keep you going. As the sun rises, you finally make it to the enemy’s camp.

It’s time to attack! Your heart hammers in your chest. Will this daring plan work?

You’re shivering in the rowboat. You wonder if Washington’s plan will work. The only thing louder than your chattering teeth is your growling belly. 

At last, you make it to the other side of the river! You’re in New Jersey. But your journey isn’t over yet. You have to march about 10 miles to Trenton to get to the enemy’s camp. And you have to march in the pitch dark through the snow. 

Brrrrrrr. Snow sinks into the holes in your ragged boots. You worry that your feet have frozen into ice.

Just then, Washington rides his horse up next to where you’re marching. Don’t give up, he says! His words give you hope and a burst of energy. You finally make it to the enemy’s camp when the sun rises. 

It’s time to attack! Your heart pounds in your chest. Will this brave plan work? 

A New Country

A New Country

BOOM! BOOM! Cannon explosions shake the ground like an earthquake. Right away, it’s clear Washington was right: The enemy soldiers are surprised! After only an hour, they give up.

You look at the soldiers around you, exhausted but happy. Washington and his troops have finally won a battle!  

Seven years later, in 1783, the Continental Army will win the war once and for all. The colonies will officially become a free country: the United States of America. And the country’s first president? George Washington! He led you through that winter night—and now he will lead your new country. 

BOOM! BOOM! Cannon explosions shake the ground like an earthquake. It’s clear right away that Washington was right: The enemy soldiers are surprised! They give up after only an hour.

You look at the soldiers around you. You’re exhausted. But you’re also happy. Washington and his troops have finally won a battle!  

Seven years later, the Continental Army will win the war once and for all. In 1783, the colonies will officially become a free country: the United States of America. And the country’s first president? George Washington! He led you through that winter night. Now he will lead your new country. 

THINK AND WRITE

Using descriptive details, write a journal entry explaining what it was like to cross the Delaware River with George Washington. 

THINK AND WRITE

Using descriptive details, write a journal entry explaining what it was like to cross the Delaware River with George Washington. 

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Activities (7)
Answer Key (1)
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Activities (7) Download All Quizzes and Activities
Answer Key (1)
Can't Miss Teaching Extras

Dive deep into the American Revolution in “Blood, Smoke, and Freedom”—a Big Read filled with the important dates, people, and events that unfolded during this time in history. Your students will love taking a virtual field trip too!  

Interested in learning even more about American history? Meet some famous (and unexpected) World War I heroes in “America’s Favorite Hero Dog” and “The Pigeon Hero of World War I.” 

Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

Table of Contents

1. Preparing to Read

2. Close Reading

3. SEL Focus

4. Skill Building

5. Differentiate and Customize

Struggling Readers, Multilingual Learners, Advanced Readers, Creative Writing

1. Preparing to Read

Set a Purpose for Reading

  • Ask students to predict what this article will be about based on the headline, subhead, and image on page 21. Review the predictions after reading.
  • Call on volunteers to read aloud the Think and Read box on page 21 and the Think and Write box on page 23.
  • To provide your students with helpful information on the American Revolution, present the background builder slideshow.

Preview Text Features and Vocabulary 

 
  • Before reading, point out the terms bitter (cold and painful), howl (make a loud crying sound), crammed (forced into a crowded space), sloshes (moves in a messy way), seeps (moves slowly through small spaces), and ragged (torn or in bad condition) and review their definitions. Go over any other vocabulary terms that may be challenging for your students.
  • Point out the illustration on page 21. Ask students to call out any details they notice about this image.

2. Close Reading

  • Read the article as a class or have students follow along as they listen to the audio Read-Aloud. 

  • Project or assign the Close-Reading and Critical-Thinking Questions using all or part of the Learning Journey Slide Deck.

  • You may challenge students to either underline or highlight any details that are specific (or unique) to the particular time or place visited in the Time Machine.

Close-Reading Questions

  • Read the opening section. What is it like on the rowboat you’re on? It is freezing cold on the rowboat. Wind and cold rain hit you like needles. You don’t have any room to move because of how many other men are in the rowboat. (key details)
  • Read the section “Dreams of Freedom.” Why did the Revolutionary War start? The Revolutionary War started because a group of 13 colonies ruled by England wanted to form their own country. (cause and effect)
  • Read the section “Dreams of Freedom.” Why might the enemy be surprised by Washington’s attack? The enemy might be surprised by Washington’s attack because it would happen in the middle of the night, when the enemy would probably be sleeping. (inference)
  • Read the section “A Frozen March.” What details does the author use to show that the journey to Trenton is cold? The author says that you shiver in the rowboat and that your teeth are chattering. She also describes how the snow seeps into your boots and compares your feet to frozen blocks of ice. (descriptive details)
  • Read the section “A New Country.” What is one reason George Washington became the first president of the United States? One reason Washington became the first president of the United States is that he was a brave general in the war. He showed that he could inspire and lead people. (inference, cause and effect)

 

Critical-Thinking Questions

  • Would you want to travel back in time to see Washington’s secret attack? Answers will vary. Sample responses: Yes, because it was an exciting and historic battle. General Washington showed that he was a smart and strong leader. No, because it was extremely cold and dangerous. (supporting an opinion)
  • Look at the drawings and map on pages 21-23. How do they help you understand the events of this story? Answers will vary. (text features)

3 Skill Building and Writing

Featured Skill: Author’s Craft

  • Discuss the writing assignment in the Think and Write box on page 23. Our online skill builder will show students how to complete the journal entry.
  • Distribute our Where Should We Go Next? Skill Builder and have students complete it in class or for homework.

Text-to-Speech